Android MediaPlayer Tutorial
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Android provides a component to play music, it's MediaPlayer. MediaPlayer can run audio and video files, the source file is located on your device or from a URL.
Just like with other music player that you know, MediaPlayer provides methods to control playback of audio/video, including start, stop, rewind .....
Just like with other music player that you know, MediaPlayer provides methods to control playback of audio/video, including start, stop, rewind .....
You can also call MediaPlayer from a service.
MediaPlayer is a component that don't have interface, it help you play a music file easily, but to play a video file you need to combine it with SuffaceView to display imagine.
MediaPlayer is a component that don't have interface, it help you play a music file easily, but to play a video file you need to combine it with SuffaceView to display imagine.
The following simple example, use Media Player to play a music file and some controls of the play such as play, pause, rewind.

Create a project named MediaPlayerTutorial:
- File > New > New Project > Empty Activity
- Name: MediaPlayerTutorial
- Package name: org.o7planning.mediaplayertutorial
- Language: Java
Create raw to contain the music file.


Prepare a music file, copy and paste to raw folder.


If you want to play a song from a URL you must allow the application to access the network, adding the following XML code to AndroidManifest.xml.
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
Allows the app to access external storage (Such as SD Card) if you want to play media here.
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
AndroidManifest.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" package="org.o7planning.mediaplayertutorial"> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" /> <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/> <application android:allowBackup="true" android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher" android:label="@string/app_name" android:roundIcon="@mipmap/ic_launcher_round" android:supportsRtl="true" android:theme="@style/AppTheme"> <activity android:name=".MainActivity"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" /> <category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" /> </intent-filter> </activity> </application> </manifest>
Design the interface:

If you are interested in the steps to design the interface of this application, please see the appendix at the end of the article.
activity_main.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto" xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" tools:context=".MainActivity"> <SeekBar android:id="@+id/seekBar" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="37dp" android:layout_marginStart="16dp" android:layout_marginLeft="16dp" android:layout_marginTop="25dp" android:layout_marginEnd="16dp" android:layout_marginRight="16dp" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" app:layout_constraintTop_toTopOf="parent" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/textView_maxTime" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="24dp" android:layout_marginStart="16dp" android:layout_marginLeft="16dp" android:layout_marginTop="39dp" android:layout_marginEnd="16dp" android:layout_marginRight="16dp" android:gravity="center" android:text="Max Time" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/seekBar" /> <TextView android:id="@+id/textView_currentPosition" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="25dp" android:layout_marginStart="16dp" android:layout_marginLeft="16dp" android:layout_marginTop="38dp" android:layout_marginEnd="16dp" android:layout_marginRight="16dp" android:gravity="center" android:text="Current Possion" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView_maxTime" /> <LinearLayout android:id="@+id/linearLayout" android:layout_width="0dp" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginStart="16dp" android:layout_marginLeft="16dp" android:layout_marginTop="24dp" android:layout_marginEnd="16dp" android:layout_marginRight="16dp" android:orientation="horizontal" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/textView_currentPosition"> <Space android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button_rewind" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="0" android:text="<<" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button_start" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="0" android:text="Start" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button_pause" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="0" android:text="Pause" /> <Button android:id="@+id/button_fastForward" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="0" android:text=">>" /> <Space android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_weight="1" /> </LinearLayout> <Button android:id="@+id/button_select" android:layout_width="wrap_content" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:layout_marginTop="51dp" android:text="Select a Song" app:layout_constraintEnd_toEndOf="parent" app:layout_constraintStart_toStartOf="parent" app:layout_constraintTop_toBottomOf="@+id/linearLayout" /> </androidx.constraintlayout.widget.ConstraintLayout>
MainActivity.java
package org.o7planning.mediaplayertutorial; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import android.media.AudioManager; import android.os.Bundle; import android.media.MediaPlayer; import android.os.Handler; import android.view.View; import android.widget.Button; import android.widget.SeekBar; import android.widget.TextView; import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private TextView textMaxTime; private TextView textCurrentPosition; private Button buttonPause; private Button buttonStart; private Button buttonRewind; private Button buttonFastForward; private Button buttonSelect; private SeekBar seekBar; private Handler threadHandler = new Handler(); private MediaPlayer mediaPlayer; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); this.textCurrentPosition = (TextView)this.findViewById(R.id.textView_currentPosition); this.textMaxTime=(TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.textView_maxTime); this.buttonSelect = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button_select); this.buttonStart= (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button_start); this.buttonPause= (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button_pause); this.buttonRewind= (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button_rewind); this.buttonFastForward= (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.button_fastForward); this.buttonStart.setEnabled(false); this.buttonPause.setEnabled(false); this.buttonRewind.setEnabled(false); this.buttonFastForward.setEnabled(false); this.seekBar= (SeekBar) this.findViewById(R.id.seekBar); this.seekBar.setClickable(false); this.buttonSelect.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { // Select new media source. selectMediaResource(); } }); this.buttonStart.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { doStart( ); } }); this.buttonPause.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { doPause( ); } }); this.buttonRewind.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { doRewind( ); } }); this.buttonFastForward .setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override public void onClick(View v) { doFastForward( ); } }); // Create MediaPlayer. this.mediaPlayer= new MediaPlayer(); this.mediaPlayer.setAudioStreamType(AudioManager.STREAM_MUSIC); this.mediaPlayer.setOnPreparedListener(new MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener() { @Override public void onPrepared(MediaPlayer mp) { doStop(); // Stop current media. } }); this.mediaPlayer.setOnCompletionListener(new MediaPlayer.OnCompletionListener() { @Override public void onCompletion(MediaPlayer mp) { doComplete(); } }); } // When user click "Select Media Source" button. private void selectMediaResource() { // this.selectRawMediaSource(); // this.selectURLMediaSource(); // this.selectLocalMediaSource(); this.selectRawMediaSource(); } private void selectRawMediaSource() { // "mysong.mp3" ==> resName = "mysong". String resName = MediaPlayerUtils.RAW_MEDIA_SAMPLE; MediaPlayerUtils.playRawMedia(this, this.mediaPlayer, resName); } private void selectURLMediaSource() { // http://example.coom/mysong.mp3 String mediaURL = MediaPlayerUtils.URL_MEDIA_SAMPLE; MediaPlayerUtils.playURLMedia(this, this.mediaPlayer, mediaURL); } private void selectLocalMediaSource() { // @localPath = "/storage/emulated/0/DCIM/Music/mysong.mp3"; (For example). String localPath = MediaPlayerUtils.LOCAL_MEDIA_SAMPLE; MediaPlayerUtils.playLocalMedia(this, this.mediaPlayer, localPath); } // Convert millisecond to string. private String millisecondsToString(int milliseconds) { long minutes = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toMinutes((long) milliseconds); long seconds = TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.toSeconds((long) milliseconds) ; return minutes + ":"+ seconds; } private void doStart( ) { if(this.mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) { return; } // The duration in milliseconds int duration = this.mediaPlayer.getDuration(); int currentPosition = this.mediaPlayer.getCurrentPosition(); if(currentPosition== 0) { this.seekBar.setMax(duration); String maxTimeString = this.millisecondsToString(duration); this.textMaxTime.setText(maxTimeString); } else if(currentPosition== duration) { // Resets the MediaPlayer to its uninitialized state. this.mediaPlayer.reset(); } this.mediaPlayer.start(); // Create a thread to update position of SeekBar. UpdateSeekBarThread updateSeekBarThread= new UpdateSeekBarThread(); threadHandler.postDelayed(updateSeekBarThread,50); this.buttonPause.setEnabled(true); this.buttonStart.setEnabled(false); this.buttonRewind.setEnabled(true); this.buttonFastForward.setEnabled(true); } // Called by MediaPlayer.OnCompletionListener // When Player cocmplete private void doComplete() { buttonStart.setEnabled(true); buttonPause.setEnabled(false); buttonRewind.setEnabled(true); buttonFastForward.setEnabled(false); } // Called by MediaPlayer.OnPreparedListener. // When user select a new media source, then stop current. private void doStop() { if(this.mediaPlayer.isPlaying()) { this.mediaPlayer.stop(); } buttonStart.setEnabled(true); buttonPause.setEnabled(false); buttonRewind.setEnabled(false); buttonFastForward.setEnabled(false); } // When user click to "Pause". private void doPause( ) { this.mediaPlayer.pause(); this.buttonPause.setEnabled(false); this.buttonStart.setEnabled(true); } // When user click to "Rewind". private void doRewind( ) { int currentPosition = this.mediaPlayer.getCurrentPosition(); int duration = this.mediaPlayer.getDuration(); // 5 seconds. int SUBTRACT_TIME = 5000; if(currentPosition - SUBTRACT_TIME > 0 ) { this.mediaPlayer.seekTo(currentPosition - SUBTRACT_TIME); } this.buttonFastForward.setEnabled(true); } // When user click to "Fast-Forward". private void doFastForward( ) { int currentPosition = this.mediaPlayer.getCurrentPosition(); int duration = this.mediaPlayer.getDuration(); // 5 seconds. int ADD_TIME = 5000; if(currentPosition + ADD_TIME < duration) { this.mediaPlayer.seekTo(currentPosition + ADD_TIME); } } // Thread to Update position for SeekBar. class UpdateSeekBarThread implements Runnable { public void run() { int currentPosition = mediaPlayer.getCurrentPosition(); String currentPositionStr = millisecondsToString(currentPosition); textCurrentPosition.setText(currentPositionStr); seekBar.setProgress(currentPosition); // Delay thread 50 milisecond. threadHandler.postDelayed(this, 50); } } }
MediaPlayerUtils.java
package org.o7planning.mediaplayertutorial; import android.content.Context; import android.media.MediaPlayer; import android.net.Uri; import android.util.Log; import android.widget.Toast; public class MediaPlayerUtils { // "mysong.mp3" in directory "raw". public static final String RAW_MEDIA_SAMPLE = "mysong"; // Example Path: /sdcard/Music/mysong.mp3 // Example Path: /storage/emulated/0/DCIM/Music/mysong.mp3 public static final String LOCAL_MEDIA_SAMPLE ="/sdcard/Music/mysong.mp3"; public static final String URL_MEDIA_SAMPLE = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/o7planning/webexamples/master/_testdatas_/yodel.mp3"; public static final String LOG_TAG= "MediaPlayerTutorial"; // Play a media in directory RAW. // Media name = "mysong.mp3" ==> resName = "mysong". public static void playRawMedia(Context context, MediaPlayer mediaPlayer, String resName) { try { // ID of video file. int id = MediaPlayerUtils.getRawResIdByName( context,resName); Uri uri = Uri.parse("android.resource://" + context.getPackageName() + "/" + id); Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Media URI: "+ uri); Toast.makeText(context,"Select source: "+ uri,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); mediaPlayer.setDataSource(context, uri); mediaPlayer.prepareAsync(); } catch (Exception e) { Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Error Play Raw Media: "+e.getMessage()); Toast.makeText(context,"Error Play Raw Media: "+ e.getMessage(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); e.printStackTrace(); } } // Example Path: /sdcard/Music/mysong.mp3 // Example Path: /storage/emulated/0/DCIM/Music/mysong.mp3 public static void playLocalMedia(Context context, MediaPlayer mediaPlayer, String localPath) { try { Uri uri = Uri.parse("android.resource://" + localPath); Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Media URI: "+ uri); Toast.makeText(context,"Select source: "+ uri,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); mediaPlayer.setDataSource(context, uri); mediaPlayer.prepareAsync(); } catch(Exception e) { Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Error Play Local Media: "+ e.getMessage()); Toast.makeText(context,"Error Play Local Media: "+ e.getMessage(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); e.printStackTrace(); } } // String videoURL = "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/o7planning/webexamples/master/_testdatas_/yodel.mp3"; public static void playURLMedia(Context context, MediaPlayer mediaPlayer, String videoURL) { try { Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Media URL: "+ videoURL); Uri uri= Uri.parse( videoURL ); Toast.makeText(context,"Select source: "+ uri,Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); mediaPlayer.setDataSource(context, uri); mediaPlayer.prepareAsync(); } catch(Exception e) { Log.e(LOG_TAG, "Error Play URL Media: "+ e.getMessage()); Toast.makeText(context,"Error Play URL Media: "+ e.getMessage(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); e.printStackTrace(); } } // Find ID corresponding to the name of the resource (in the directory RAW). public static int getRawResIdByName(Context context, String resName) { String pkgName = context.getPackageName(); // Return 0 if not found. int resID = context.getResources().getIdentifier(resName, "raw", pkgName); Log.i(LOG_TAG, "Res Name: " + resName + "==> Res ID = " + resID); return resID; } }


Set ID, Text for components on the interface:
