o7planning

Spring Boot Restful Client with RestTemplate Example

  1. Objective of Example 
  2. Create Spring Boot project
  3. Configure pom.xml
  4. GET - getForObject
  5. GET - exchange
  6. GET - Basic Authentication
  7. POST - postForObject
  8. POST - postForEntity
  9. PUT - Simple Example
  10. PUT - exchange
  11. DELELE
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1- Objective of Example 

This document is based on:
  • Spring Boot 2.x
  • RestTemplate
  • Eclipse 3.7
In this post, I will guide you for creating a Restful Client application using Spring Boot with the 4 functions:
  1. Create a request with GET method, and send it to Restful Web Service to receive a list of employees, or an employment's information. The data received is in XML format or JSON format.
  2. Create a request with PUT method, and send it to Restful Web Service to ask to edit the information of an employment. The data attached to the request is in XML format or JSON format.
  3. Create a request with POST method and send it to Restful Web Service to create a new employee. The data attached to the request is in XML format or JSON format.
  4. Create a request with  DELETE method, and send it to Restful Web Service to delete an employee.
This post uses the Restful Web Service created from the following example:
The RestTemplate class is the central class in Spring Framework for the synchronous calls by the client to access a REST web-service. This class provides the functionality for consuming the REST Services in a easy manner. When using the said class the user has to only provide the URL, the parameters(if any) and extract the results received. The RestTemplate manages the HTTP connections.

2- Create Spring Boot project

On the Eclipse, create a Spring Boot project.
OK, the project has been created.

3- Configure pom.xml

This project needs to use Spring Restful Client libraries. Therefore, you have two choices:
  1. spring-boot-starter-web
  2. spring-boot-starter-data-rest
spring-boot-starter-web
spring-boot-starter-web consists of libraries to build a web application using Spring MVC, and tomcat as a default embedded Web Container. It includes libraries for RESTful application.
spring-boot-starter-web

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
spring-boot-starter-data-rest
The spring-boot-starter-data-rest includes libraries to work with Spring RESTful.
spring-boot-starter-data-rest

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-data-rest -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId>            
</dependency>
Java <==> JSON
Both  the above "Starters" contain a jackson-databind library to support conversion of a Java object into JSON and vice versa.
Java <==> XML
Spring uses JAXB (available in JDK) to convert the Java object into XML and vice versa. However, Java classes must be annotated by @XmlRootElement,... Therefore, my advice is that you should use jackson-dataformat-xml as a library to convert XML and Java. To use the jackson-dataformat-xml, you need to declare it in pom.xml file:
jackson-dataformat-xml

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
    <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
</dependency>
OK, you have 2 choices to declare in the pom.xml:
** pom.xml (Option 1) **

<dependencies>
     ......

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId>            
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
        <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
        .....
</dependencies>
** pom.xml (Option 2) **

<dependencies>
     ......

    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>            
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
        <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
    </dependency>
    
        .....
</dependencies>
The Apache Commons Codec library is necessary for encoding an username/password in case, you use Rest Client to access data resources secured by​​​​​​​ Basic Authentication. 

<!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-codec/commons-codec -->
<dependency>
    <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
</dependency>
The full content of the pom.xml file:
pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
    http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.o7planning</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringBootRestfulClient</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>SpringBootRestfulClient</name>
    <description>Spring Boot + Restful Client</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.0.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-rest</artifactId>            
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.dataformat</groupId>
            <artifactId>jackson-dataformat-xml</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/commons-codec/commons-codec -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
            <artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

4- GET - getForObject

Use the getForObject method to send a request to the Restful Service, and receive data returned. Below is the simplest example. The data returned is a string.
SimplestGetExample.java

package org.o7planning.sbrestfulclient.get;

import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

public class SimplestGetExample {

	static final String URL_EMPLOYEES = "http://localhost:8080/employees";

	static final String URL_EMPLOYEES_XML = "http://localhost:8080/employees.xml";
	static final String URL_EMPLOYEES_JSON = "http://localhost:8080/employees.json";

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

		// Send request with GET method and default Headers.
		String result = restTemplate.getForObject(URL_EMPLOYEES, String.class);

		System.out.println(result);
	}

}
The requests sent to the Restful Service need to customize  Headers information to tell the Restful Service about the type of data format you want to get (JSON, XML, ...)
GetWithHeaderExample.java

package org.o7planning.sbrestfulclient.get;

import java.util.Arrays;

import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

public class GetWithHeaderExample {

	static final String URL_EMPLOYEES = "http://localhost:8080/employees";

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		// HttpHeaders
		HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

		headers.setAccept(Arrays.asList(new MediaType[] { MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON }));
		// Request to return JSON format
		headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
		headers.set("my_other_key", "my_other_value");

		// HttpEntity<String>: To get result as String.
		HttpEntity<String> entity = new HttpEntity<String>(headers);

		// RestTemplate
		RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

		// Send request with GET method, and Headers.
		ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange(URL_EMPLOYEES, //
				HttpMethod.GET, entity, String.class);

		String result = response.getBody();

		System.out.println(result);
	}

}
Data returned from RESTful Serivce in XML or JSON format can be automatically converted into a Java object.
Employee.java

package org.o7planning.sbrestfulclient.model;

public class Employee {

    private String empNo;
    private String empName;
    private String position;

    public Employee() {

    }

    public Employee(String empNo, String empName, String position) {
        this.empNo = empNo;
        this.empName = empName;
        this.position = position;
    }

    public String getEmpNo() {
        return empNo;
    }

    public void setEmpNo(String empNo) {
        this.empNo = empNo;
    }

    public String getEmpName() {
        return empName;
    }

    public void setEmpName(String empName) {
        this.empName = empName;
    }

    public String getPosition() {
        return position;
    }

    public void setPosition(String position) {
        this.position = position;
    }

}
SimplestGetPOJOExample.java

package org.o7planning.sbrestfulclient.get;

import org.o7planning.sbrestfulclient.model.Employee;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

public class SimplestGetPOJOExample {

	static final String URL_EMPLOYEES = "http://localhost:8080/employees";

	static final String URL_EMPLOYEES_XML = "http://localhost:8080/employees.xml";
	static final String URL_EMPLOYEES_JSON = "http://localhost:8080/employees.json";

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

		// Send request with GET method and default Headers.
		Employee[] list = restTemplate.getForObject(URL_EMPLOYEES, Employee[].class);

		if (list != null) {
			for (Employee e : list) {
				System.out.println("Employee: " + e.getEmpNo() + " - " + e.getEmpName());
			}
		}

	}

}

5- GET - exchange

Use exchange method also helps you to be able send a request to the Restful Service. The result returned is ResponseEntity object. This object contains a lot of noteworthy information, for example HttpStatus,...
GetPOJOWithHeaderExample.java

package org.o7planning.sbrestfulclient.get;

import java.util.Arrays;

import org.o7planning.sbrestfulclient.model.Employee;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

public class GetPOJOWithHeaderExample {

	static final String URL_EMPLOYEES = "http://localhost:8080/employees";

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		// HttpHeaders
		HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

		headers.setAccept(Arrays.asList(new MediaType[] { MediaType.APPLICATION_XML }));
		// Request to return XML format
		headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML);
		headers.set("my_other_key", "my_other_value");

		// HttpEntity<Employee[]>: To get result as Employee[].
		HttpEntity<Employee[]> entity = new HttpEntity<Employee[]>(headers);

		// RestTemplate
		RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

		// Send request with GET method, and Headers.
		ResponseEntity<Employee[]> response = restTemplate.exchange(URL_EMPLOYEES, //
				HttpMethod.GET, entity, Employee[].class);

		HttpStatus statusCode = response.getStatusCode();
		System.out.println("Response Satus Code: " + statusCode);

		// Status Code: 200
		if (statusCode == HttpStatus.OK) {
			// Response Body Data
			Employee[] list = response.getBody();

			if (list != null) {
				for (Employee e : list) {
					System.out.println("Employee: " + e.getEmpNo() + " - " + e.getEmpName());
				}
			}
		}

	}

}

6- GET - Basic Authentication

For the data resources secured by the Basic Authentication, the requests sent to REST Service by you must be attached username/password. The username/password information needs encoding using the Base64 algorithm before being attached with the request.
See more:
GetWithBasicAuthExample.java

package org.o7planning.sbrestfulclient.get;

import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import java.util.Arrays;

import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;
import org.apache.commons.codec.binary.Base64;

public class GetWithBasicAuthExample {

	public static final String USER_NAME = "tom";
	public static final String PASSWORD = "123";

	static final String URL_EMPLOYEES = "http://localhost:8080/employees";

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		// HttpHeaders
		HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();

		// 
		// Authentication
		// 
		String auth = USER_NAME + ":" + PASSWORD;
		byte[] encodedAuth = Base64.encodeBase64(auth.getBytes(Charset.forName("US-ASCII")));
		String authHeader = "Basic " + new String(encodedAuth);
		headers.set("Authorization", authHeader);
		// 
		headers.setAccept(Arrays.asList(new MediaType[] { MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON }));
		// Request to return JSON format
		headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON);
		headers.set("my_other_key", "my_other_value");

		// HttpEntity<String>: To get result as String.
		HttpEntity<String> entity = new HttpEntity<String>(headers);

		// RestTemplate
		RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

		// Send request with GET method, and Headers.
		ResponseEntity<String> response = restTemplate.exchange(URL_EMPLOYEES, //
				HttpMethod.GET, entity, String.class);

		String result = response.getBody();

		System.out.println(result);
	}

}

7- POST - postForObject

The postForObject method is used to send a request to the Restful Service to create a data resource and return the data resource which has just been created.
Post_postForObject_Example.java

package org.o7planning.sbrestfulclient.post;

import org.o7planning.sbrestfulclient.model.Employee;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

public class Post_postForObject_Example {

   static final String URL_CREATE_EMPLOYEE = "http://localhost:8080/employee";

   public static void main(String[] args) {

      String empNo = "E11";

      Employee newEmployee = new Employee(empNo, "Tom", "Cleck");

      HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
      headers.add("Accept", MediaType.APPLICATION_XML_VALUE);
      headers.setContentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_XML);

      RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

      // Data attached to the request.
      HttpEntity<Employee> requestBody = new HttpEntity<>(newEmployee, headers);

      // Send request with POST method.
      Employee e = restTemplate.postForObject(URL_CREATE_EMPLOYEE, requestBody, Employee.class);

      if (e != null && e.getEmpNo() != null) {

         System.out.println("Employee created: " + e.getEmpNo());
      } else {
         System.out.println("Something error!");
      }

   }

}

8- POST - postForEntity

The postForEntity method is used to send a request to the Restful Service to create a data resource. This method returns the ResponseEntity object. This object contains data resouce which has just been created and other noteworthy information, for example, HttpStatus, ...
Post_postForEntity_Example.java

package org.o7planning.sbrestfulclient.post;

import org.o7planning.sbrestfulclient.model.Employee;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

public class Post_postForEntity_Example {

	static final String URL_CREATE_EMPLOYEE = "http://localhost:8080/employee";

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		Employee newEmployee = new Employee("E11", "Tom", "Cleck");

		RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

		// Data attached to the request.
		HttpEntity<Employee> requestBody = new HttpEntity<>(newEmployee);

		// Send request with POST method.
		ResponseEntity<Employee> result 
		     = restTemplate.postForEntity(URL_CREATE_EMPLOYEE, requestBody, Employee.class);

		System.out.println("Status code:" + result.getStatusCode());

		// Code = 200.
		if (result.getStatusCode() == HttpStatus.OK) {
			Employee e = result.getBody();
			System.out.println("(Client Side) Employee Created: "+ e.getEmpNo());
		}

	}

}

9- PUT - Simple Example

The put method of the RestTemplate class is used to send a request to the Restful Service to change a data resource. This method returns nothing.
PutSimpleExample.java

package org.o7planning.sbrestfulclient.put;

import org.o7planning.sbrestfulclient.model.Employee;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

public class PutSimpleExample {

	static final String URL_UPDATE_EMPLOYEE = "http://localhost:8080/employee";
	static final String URL_EMPLOYEE_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8080/employee";

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		String empNo = "E01";

		Employee updateInfo = new Employee(empNo, "Tom", "Cleck");

		HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
		headers.add("Accept", MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE);

		RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

		// Data attached to the request.
		HttpEntity<Employee> requestBody = new HttpEntity<>(updateInfo, headers);

		// Send request with PUT method.
		restTemplate.put(URL_UPDATE_EMPLOYEE, requestBody, new Object[] {});

		String resourceUrl = URL_EMPLOYEE_PREFIX + "/" + empNo;

		Employee e = restTemplate.getForObject(resourceUrl, Employee.class);

		if (e != null) {
			System.out.println("(Client side) Employee after update: ");
			System.out.println("Employee: " + e.getEmpNo() + " - " + e.getEmpName());
		}
	}

}

10- PUT - exchange

Example of using the exchange method of the RestTemplate class to send a request to the Restful Service  to change a data resource.
PutWithExchangeExample.java

package org.o7planning.sbrestfulclient.put;

import org.o7planning.sbrestfulclient.model.Employee;
import org.springframework.http.HttpEntity;
import org.springframework.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod;
import org.springframework.http.MediaType;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

public class PutWithExchangeExample {

	static final String URL_UPDATE_EMPLOYEE = "http://localhost:8080/employee";
	static final String URL_EMPLOYEE_PREFIX = "http://localhost:8080/employee";

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		String empNo = "E01";

		Employee updateInfo = new Employee(empNo, "Tom", "Cleck");

		HttpHeaders headers = new HttpHeaders();
		headers.add("Accept", MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_VALUE);

		RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

		// Data attached to the request.
		HttpEntity<Employee> requestBody = new HttpEntity<>(updateInfo, headers);

		// Send request with PUT method.
		restTemplate.exchange(URL_UPDATE_EMPLOYEE, HttpMethod.PUT, requestBody, Void.class);

		String resourceUrl = URL_EMPLOYEE_PREFIX + "/" + empNo;

		Employee e = restTemplate.getForObject(resourceUrl, Employee.class);

		if (e != null) {
			System.out.println("(Client side) Employee after update: ");
			System.out.println("Employee: " + e.getEmpNo() + " - " + e.getEmpName());
		}
	}

}

11- DELELE

Use the delete method of the RestTemplate class to send a request to the Restful Service to delete a data resource.
DeleteSimpleExample.java

package org.o7planning.sbrestfulclient.delete;

import org.o7planning.sbrestfulclient.model.Employee;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

public class DeleteSimpleExample {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

		// empNo="E01"
		String resourceUrl = "http://localhost:8080/employee/E01";

		// Send request with DELETE method.
		restTemplate.delete(resourceUrl);

		// Get 
		Employee e = restTemplate.getForObject(resourceUrl, Employee.class);

		if (e != null) {
			System.out.println("(Client side) Employee after delete: ");
			System.out.println("Employee: " + e.getEmpNo() + " - " + e.getEmpName());
		} else {
			System.out.println("Employee not found!");
		}
	}

}
DeleteExample2.java

package org.o7planning.sbrestfulclient.delete;

import org.o7planning.sbrestfulclient.model.Employee;
import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate;

public class DeleteExample2 {

   public static void main(String[] args) {

      RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();

      // URL with URI-variable
      String resourceUrl = "http://localhost:8080/employee/{empNo}";

      Object[] uriValues = new Object[] { "E01" };

      // Send request with DELETE method.
      restTemplate.delete(resourceUrl, uriValues);

      Employee e = restTemplate.getForObject(resourceUrl, Employee.class);

      if (e != null) {
         System.out.println("(Client side) Employee after delete: ");
         System.out.println("Employee: " + e.getEmpNo() + " - " + e.getEmpName());
      } else {
         System.out.println("Employee not found!");
      }
   }

}
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