Spring Boot, Spring JDBC and Spring Transaction Tutorial with Examples

Objective of the Post
Prepare a database
Create a Spring Boot project
Configure pom.xml
Configure DataSource
Model, Mapper, Form, DAO
Controller
Thymeleaf Template
Run the application

1. Objective of the Post

This document is based on:

Spring Boot 2.x
Spring JDBC
Eclipse 4.7 (Oxygen)

In this post, I will guide you for creating a Spring Boot project and work with a database (Oracle, MySQL, SQL Server, Postgres,..) using Spring JDBC & Spring Transaction. The matters that will be discussed in this post include:

Declare the libraries necessary to be able to work with a database.
Configure Spring Boot to be able to connect to a database.
Manipulate with a database using the Spring JDBC.
Use Spring Transaction and explain the operating principle of Spring Transaction.

2. Prepare a database

MySQL

-- Create table
create table BANK_ACCOUNT
(
  ID        BIGINT not null,
  FULL_NAME VARCHAR(128) not null,
  BALANCE   DOUBLE not null
) ;
--  
alter table BANK_ACCOUNT
  add constraint BANK_ACCOUNT_PK primary key (ID);


Insert into Bank_Account(ID, Full_Name, Balance) values (1, 'Tom', 1000);
Insert into Bank_Account(ID, Full_Name, Balance) values (2, 'Jerry', 2000);
Insert into Bank_Account(ID, Full_Name, Balance) values (3, 'Donald', 3000);

commit;

SQL Server

-- Create table
create table BANK_ACCOUNT
(
  ID        BIGINT not null,
  FULL_NAME VARCHAR(128) not null,
  BALANCE   DOUBLE PRECISION not null
) ;
--  
alter table BANK_ACCOUNT
  add constraint BANK_ACCOUNT_PK primary key (ID);


Insert into Bank_Account(ID, Full_Name, Balance) values (1, 'Tom', 1000);
Insert into Bank_Account(ID, Full_Name, Balance) values (2, 'Jerry', 2000);
Insert into Bank_Account(ID, Full_Name, Balance) values (3, 'Donald', 3000);

Oracle

-- Create table
create table BANK_ACCOUNT
(
  ID        NUMBER(19) not null,
  FULL_NAME VARCHAR2(128) not null,
  BALANCE   NUMBER not null
) ;
--  
alter table BANK_ACCOUNT
  add constraint BANK_ACCOUNT_PK primary key (ID);


Insert into Bank_Account(ID, Full_Name, Balance) values (1, 'Tom', 1000);
Insert into Bank_Account(ID, Full_Name, Balance) values (2, 'Jerry', 2000);
Insert into Bank_Account(ID, Full_Name, Balance) values (3, 'Donald', 3000);

commit;

PostGres

Create table Bank_Account (
   ID Bigint not null,
   Full_Name Varchar(128) not null,
   Balance real not null,
   CONSTRAINT Bank_Account_pk PRIMARY KEY (ID)
);

Insert into Bank_Account(ID, Full_Name, Balance) values (1, 'Tom', 1000);
Insert into Bank_Account(ID, Full_Name, Balance) values (2, 'Jerry', 2000);
Insert into Bank_Account(ID, Full_Name, Balance) values (3, 'Donald', 3000);

3. Create a Spring Boot project

On the Eclipse, create a Spring Boot project

Enter:

Name: SpringBootJDBC
Group: org.o7planning
Artifact: SpringBootJDBC
Description: Spring Boot + Spring JDBC + Spring Transaction
Package: org.o7planning.sbjdbc

Select the technologies and libraries to be used:

JDBC
MySQL
PostgrsSQL
SQL Server
Web
Thymeleaf

4. Configure pom.xml

If you work with the Oracle database, you need to declare the following libraries on the pom.xml:

* Oracle *

<dependencies>
    .....

     <dependency>
        <groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
        <artifactId>ojdbc6</artifactId>
        <version>11.2.0.3</version>
    </dependency>
    
    .....
</dependencies>

<repositories>
        ....

    <!-- Repository for ORACLE JDBC Driver -->
    <repository>
        <id>codelds</id>
        <url>https://code.lds.org/nexus/content/groups/main-repo</url>
    </repository>
    
    .....
</repositories>

If you connect to the SQL Service database, you can use either JTDS library orMssql-Jdbc library:

* SQL Server *

<dependencies>
       .....

    <dependency>
        <groupId>com.microsoft.sqlserver</groupId>
        <artifactId>mssql-jdbc</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>
    
    <dependency>
        <groupId>net.sourceforge.jtds</groupId>
        <artifactId>jtds</artifactId>
        <scope>runtime</scope>
    </dependency>

     .....
</dependencies>

The full content of the pom.xml file:

pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0
      http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
      
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>org.o7planning</groupId>
    <artifactId>SpringBootJDBC</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <packaging>jar</packaging>

    <name>SpringBootJDBC</name>
    <description>Spring Boot + JDBC + Spring Transaction</description>

    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.0.0.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jdbc</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
            <artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- SQL Server - Mssql-Jdbc driver -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.microsoft.sqlserver</groupId>
            <artifactId>mssql-jdbc</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- SQL Server - JTDS driver -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>net.sourceforge.jtds</groupId>
            <artifactId>jtds</artifactId>
            <scope>runtime</scope>
        </dependency>

        <!-- Oracle Driver -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
            <artifactId>ojdbc6</artifactId>
            <version>11.2.0.3</version>
        </dependency>
        
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.threeten/threetenbp -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.threeten</groupId>
            <artifactId>threetenbp</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.6</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

    <repositories>
    
        <!-- Repository for ORACLE JDBC Driver -->
        <repository>
            <id>codelds</id>
            <url>https://code.lds.org/nexus/content/groups/main-repo</url>
        </repository>
 
    </repositories>

</project>

5. Configure DataSource

For Spring can connect to a Database, you need to configure necessary parameters in the application.properties file.

application.properties (MySQL)

# ===============================
# DATABASE
# ===============================

spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mydatabase
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=12345

application.properites (Sql Server + Mssql-Jdbc)

# ===============================
# DATABASE
# ===============================

spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.microsoft.sqlserver.jdbc.SQLServerDriver

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:sqlserver://tran-vmware-pc\\SQLEXPRESS:1433;databaseName=testdb
spring.datasource.username=sa
spring.datasource.password=12345

application.properites (Sql Server + JTDS)

# ===============================
# DATABASE
# ===============================

spring.datasource.driver-class-name=net.sourceforge.jtds.jdbc.Driver

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:jtds:sqlserver://tran-vmware-pc:1433/testdb;instance=SQLEXPRESS
spring.datasource.username=sa
spring.datasource.password=12345

application.properties (Oracle)

# ===============================
# DATABASE
# ===============================

spring.datasource.driver-class-name=oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:db12c
spring.datasource.username=Test
spring.datasource.password=12345

application.properties (PostGres)

# ===============================
# DATABASE
# ===============================

spring.datasource.driver-class-name=org.postgresql.Driver

spring.datasource.url=jdbc:postgresql://tran-vmware-pc:5432/bank
spring.datasource.username=postgres
spring.datasource.password=12345


# Fix Postgres JPA Error:
# Method org.postgresql.jdbc.PgConnection.createClob() is not yet implemented.
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.temp.use_jdbc_metadata_defaults= false

See more:
Spring Boot Common Properties

Note: By default Spring Boot will automatically configures Spring JDBC, and creates Spring BEANs related to the Spring JDBC. These automatic configurations of the Spring Boot include:

DataSourceAutoConfiguration
DataSourceTransactionManagerAutoConfiguration

6. Model, Mapper, Form, DAO

In the Spring, a class representing for the data of a record, obtained from query statement is called model class. The BankAccountInfo class is a model one.

BankAccountInfo.java

package org.o7planning.sbjdbc.model;

public class BankAccountInfo {

    private Long id;
    private String fullName;
    private double balance;

    public BankAccountInfo(Long id, String fullName, double balance) {
        super();
        this.id = id;
        this.fullName = fullName;
        this.balance = balance;
    }

    public Long getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Long id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getFullName() {
        return fullName;
    }

    public void setFullName(String fullName) {
        this.fullName = fullName;
    }

    public double getBalance() {
        return balance;
    }

    public void setBalance(double balance) {
        this.balance = balance;
    }
    
}

A class used for mapping corresponding to 1-1 between 1 column in query statement and 1 field in the model class is called a mapper class. BankAccountMapper is a such class.

See more:
Spring JDBC

BankAccountMapper.java

package org.o7planning.sbjdbc.mapper;

import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;

import org.o7planning.sbjdbc.model.BankAccountInfo;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;

public class BankAccountMapper implements RowMapper<BankAccountInfo> {

    public static final String BASE_SQL //
            = "Select ba.Id, ba.Full_Name, ba.Balance From Bank_Account ba ";

    @Override
    public BankAccountInfo mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {

        Long id = rs.getLong("Id");
        String fullName = rs.getString("Full_Name");
        double balance = rs.getDouble("Balance");

        return new BankAccountInfo(id, fullName, balance);
    }

}

BankAccountDAO.java

package org.o7planning.sbjdbc.dao;

import java.util.List;

import javax.sql.DataSource;

import org.o7planning.sbjdbc.exception.BankTransactionException;
import org.o7planning.sbjdbc.mapper.BankAccountMapper;
import org.o7planning.sbjdbc.model.BankAccountInfo;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.dao.EmptyResultDataAccessException;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.support.JdbcDaoSupport;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

@Repository
@Transactional
public class BankAccountDAO extends JdbcDaoSupport {

	@Autowired
	public BankAccountDAO(DataSource dataSource) {
		this.setDataSource(dataSource);
	}

	public List<BankAccountInfo> getBankAccounts() {
		// Select ba.Id, ba.Full_Name, ba.Balance From Bank_Account ba
		String sql = BankAccountMapper.BASE_SQL;

		Object[] params = new Object[] {};
		BankAccountMapper mapper = new BankAccountMapper();
		List<BankAccountInfo> list = this.getJdbcTemplate().query(sql, params, mapper);

		return list;
	}

	public BankAccountInfo findBankAccount(Long id) {
		// Select ba.Id, ba.Full_Name, ba.Balance From Bank_Account ba
		// Where ba.Id = ?
		String sql = BankAccountMapper.BASE_SQL + " where ba.Id = ? ";

		Object[] params = new Object[] { id };
		BankAccountMapper mapper = new BankAccountMapper();
		try {
			BankAccountInfo bankAccount = this.getJdbcTemplate().queryForObject(sql, params, mapper);
			return bankAccount;
		} catch (EmptyResultDataAccessException e) {
			return null;
		}
	}

	// MANDATORY: Transaction must be created before.
	@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.MANDATORY)
	public void addAmount(Long id, double amount) throws BankTransactionException {
		BankAccountInfo accountInfo = this.findBankAccount(id);
		if (accountInfo == null) {
			throw new BankTransactionException("Account not found " + id);
		}
		double newBalance = accountInfo.getBalance() + amount;
		if (accountInfo.getBalance() + amount < 0) {
			throw new BankTransactionException(
					"The money in the account '" + id + "' is not enough (" + accountInfo.getBalance() + ")");
		}
		accountInfo.setBalance(newBalance);
		// Update to DB
		String sqlUpdate = "Update Bank_Account set Balance = ? where Id = ?";
		this.getJdbcTemplate().update(sqlUpdate, accountInfo.getBalance(), accountInfo.getId());
	}

	// Do not catch BankTransactionException in this method.
	@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW, rollbackFor = BankTransactionException.class)
	public void sendMoney(Long fromAccountId, Long toAccountId, double amount) throws BankTransactionException {

		addAmount(toAccountId, amount);
		addAmount(fromAccountId, -amount);
	}
}

BankTransactionException.java

package org.o7planning.sbjdbc.exception;

public class BankTransactionException extends Exception {

    
    private static final long serialVersionUID = -3128681006635769411L;
    
    public BankTransactionException(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
    
}

SendMoneyForm.java

package org.o7planning.sbjdbc.form;

public class SendMoneyForm {
    
    private Long fromAccountId;
    private Long toAccountId;
    private Double amount;
 
    public SendMoneyForm() {
 
    }
 
    public SendMoneyForm(Long fromAccountId, Long toAccountId, Double amount) {
        this.fromAccountId = fromAccountId;
        this.toAccountId = toAccountId;
        this.amount = amount;
    }
 
    public Long getFromAccountId() {
        return fromAccountId;
    }
 
    public void setFromAccountId(Long fromAccountId) {
        this.fromAccountId = fromAccountId;
    }
 
    public Long getToAccountId() {
        return toAccountId;
    }
 
    public void setToAccountId(Long toAccountId) {
        this.toAccountId = toAccountId;
    }
 
    public Double getAmount() {
        return amount;
    }
 
    public void setAmount(Double amount) {
        this.amount = amount;
    }
    
}

Explain the operation mechanism of Spring Transaction:

In this example, I simulate a bank transaction. A account sends to B account an amount of 700$. Thus, two actions will be created in the database:

Add 700$ to B account.
Subtract 700$ from A account.

If the first action succeeds (add $ 700 to B account), but the second action fails for a reason, the bank will suffer a damage.
Therefore, it needs to manage the transaction to ensure that if an action fails, the data will rollback the original state (before transaction). The transaction is considered successful when all actions are successful.

Usethe @Transactional(rollbackFor = BankTransactionException.class) to annotate on a method to tell the "Spring Transaction" "let's apply the AOP to this method".

@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRES_NEW,
                         rollbackFor = BankTransactionException.class)
public void sendMoney(Long fromAccountId, Long toAccountId,
                       double amount) throws BankTransactionException {

    addAmount(toAccountId, amount);
    addAmount(fromAccountId, -amount);
}

The Spring Transaction applies the Spring AOP to your method, which is like changing thecode of the method, add an exception to the code snippet and call Rollback to transact when the exception occurs, then it rethrows the exception out of the method. All are the same as the following illustration:

7. Controller

MainController.java

package org.o7planning.sbjdbc.controller;

import java.util.List;

import org.o7planning.sbjdbc.dao.BankAccountDAO;
import org.o7planning.sbjdbc.exception.BankTransactionException;
import org.o7planning.sbjdbc.form.SendMoneyForm;
import org.o7planning.sbjdbc.model.BankAccountInfo;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.ui.Model;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;

@Controller
public class MainController {

    @Autowired
    private BankAccountDAO bankAccountDAO;

    @RequestMapping(value = "/", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String showBankAccounts(Model model) {
        List<BankAccountInfo> list = bankAccountDAO.getBankAccounts();

        model.addAttribute("accountInfos", list);

        return "accountsPage";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/sendMoney", method = RequestMethod.GET)
    public String viewSendMoneyPage(Model model) {

        SendMoneyForm form = new SendMoneyForm(1L, 2L, 700d);

        model.addAttribute("sendMoneyForm", form);

        return "sendMoneyPage";
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "/sendMoney", method = RequestMethod.POST)
    public String processSendMoney(Model model, SendMoneyForm sendMoneyForm) {

        System.out.println("Send Money::" + sendMoneyForm.getAmount());

        try {
            bankAccountDAO.sendMoney(sendMoneyForm.getFromAccountId(), //
                    sendMoneyForm.getToAccountId(), //
                    sendMoneyForm.getAmount());
        } catch (BankTransactionException e) {
            model.addAttribute("errorMessage", "Error: " + e.getMessage());
            return "/sendMoneyPage";
        }
        return "redirect:/";
    }

}

8. Thymeleaf Template

_menu.html

<div xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"
     style="border: 1px solid #ccc;padding:5px;margin-bottom:20px;">

  <a th:href="@{/}">Accounts</a>

     | &nbsp;

   <a th:href="@{/sendMoney}">Send Money</a>  
  

</div>

accountsPage.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<title>Bank</title>

<style>
th, td {
    padding: 5px;
}
</style>

</head>

<body>
    <!-- Include _menu.html -->
    <th:block th:include="/_menu"></th:block>

    <h2>Accounts</h2>

    <table border="1">
        <tr>
            <th>ID</th>
            <th>Full Name</th>
            <th>Balance</th>
        </tr>
        <tr th:each="accountInfo : ${accountInfos}">
            <td th:utext="${accountInfo.id}">..</td>
            <td th:utext="${accountInfo.fullName}">..</td>
            <td th:utext="${accountInfo.balance}">..</td>
        </tr>

    </table>
</body>
</html>

sendMoneyPage.html

<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
   <head>
      <title>Bank</title>
   </head>
  
   <body>      
      <!-- Include _menu.html -->
      <th:block th:include="/_menu"></th:block>
      
      <h2>Send Money</h2>
      <ul>
         <li>1 - Tom</li>
         <li>2 - Jerry</li>
         <li>3 - Donald</li>
      </ul>
      
      <div th:if="${errorMessage!=null}"
           style="color:red;font-style:italic" th:utext="${errorMessage}">..</div>
      
      <form th:action="@{/sendMoney}" th:object="${sendMoneyForm}" method="POST">
         <table>

           <tr>
              <td>From Bank Account Id</td>
              <td><input type="text" th:field="*{fromAccountId}"/></td>
           </tr>
           <tr>
              <td>To Bank Account Id</td>
              <td><input type="text" th:field="*{toAccountId}"/></td>
           </tr>
            <tr>
              <td>Amount</td>
              <td><input type="text" th:field="*{amount}" /></td>
           </tr>          
           <tr>
              <td>&nbsp;</td>
              <td><input type="submit" value="Send"/></td>
           </tr>      
         </table>      
      </form>
      
   </body>
</html>