Abstract class and Interface in Java

// This is an abstract class.
// It must be declared as abstract because it has an abstract method.
public abstract class ClassA  {

	// This is an abstract method
	// It has no body.
	// Its access modifier is public
	public abstract void doSomething();

	// The access modifier of this method is protected.
	protected abstract String doNothing();
	// This method does not declare access modifier
    // It has the default access modifier.
	abstract void todo() ;
}

// This is an abstract class.
// It is declared as abstract, 
// though it does not have any abstract methods.
public abstract class ClassB   {

}

package org.o7planning.tutorial.abs;

// An abstract class (Simulating a job). 
// There are two methods declared abstract.
public abstract class AbstractJob {

	public AbstractJob() {

	}

	// This is an abstract method.
	// return Job Name.
	public abstract String getJobName();

	// This is an abstract method.
	public abstract void doJob();

}

package org.o7planning.tutorial.abs;

// Class implements all abstract methods of the parent class.
public class JavaCoding extends AbstractJob {

	public JavaCoding() {
	}

	// Implements abstract method of parent class.
	@Override
	public void doJob() {
		System.out.println("Coding Java...");
	}

	// Implements abstract method of parent.
	// Method with body.
	// Return name of Job.
	@Override
	public String getJobName() {
		return "Coding Java";
	}

}

package org.o7planning.tutorial.abs;

// AbstractJob class has two abstract methods.
// This class implements only one abstract method of parent class. 
// Therefore it must be declared as abstract.
public abstract class ManualJob extends AbstractJob {

	public ManualJob() {

	}

	// Implements abstract method of parent class.
	@Override
	public String getJobName() {
		return "Manual Job";
	}

}

package org.o7planning.tutorial.abs;

// This class inherited from ManualJob
// BuildHouse is not declared as abstract.
// so it must implements all remaining abstract methods.
public class BuildHouse extends ManualJob {

	public BuildHouse() {

	}

	// Implements abstract methods of the parent class.
	@Override
	public void doJob() {
		System.out.println("Build a House");
	}

}

package org.o7planning.tutorial.abs;

public class JobDemo {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		// Create AbstractJob object
		// from Constructor of JavaCoding.
		AbstractJob job1 = new JavaCoding();

		// Call doJob() method.
		job1.doJob();

		// getJobName is the abstract method in AbstractJob class.
		// But it was implemented in a certain subclass (JavaCoding).
		// So can call it.
		String jobName = job1.getJobName();

		System.out.println("Job Name 1= " + jobName);

		// Create AbstractJob object
		// from constructor of BuildHouse.
		AbstractJob job2 = new BuildHouse();

		job2.doJob();

		String jobName2 = job2.getJobName();

		System.out.println("Job Name 2= " + jobName2);

	}
}

// B is subclass of class A, or in other words B is extended from A.
// Java only allows a class to extends from only one another class.
public class B extends A  {
   // ....
}

// In the absence of specifying class B extends from a particular class.
// By default, understand that B extends from the Object class.
public class B  {

}

// This declaration, and the above is equivalent.
public class B extends Object  {

}

// A class can extends from only one parent class.
// But can implements (extends) from multiple Interfaces.
public class Cat extends Animal implements CanEat, CanDrink {

  // ....
}

package org.o7planning.tutorial.itf;

// This is an interface not specified access modifier.
// Its access modifier is default.
// Only classes in the same package can implements this interface.
interface NoAccessModifierInterface {

}

package org.o7planning.tutorial.itf;

// This interface defines a standard, 
// about things capable of moving.
public interface CanMove {

	// The methods in Interface are always abstract and public.
	public abstract void run();

	// Even if you do not specify 'public abstract', java always understands.
	void back();

	// Velocity.
	public int getVelocity();

}

package org.o7planning.tutorial.itf;

// This interface defines a standard, 
// about things capable of drinking.
public interface CanDrink {

	// Fields in Interface are always 'public static final'.
	// Whether you declare it or not.
	public static final String PEPSI = "PEPSI";
	final String NUMBER_ONE = "NUMBER ONE";
	String SEVENUP = "SEVEN UP";

	public void drink();

}

package org.o7planning.tutorial.itf;

// This interface defines a standard, 
// about things capable of eating.
public interface CanEat {

	public void eat();
}

package org.o7planning.tutorial.cls;

import org.o7planning.tutorial.itf.CanMove;

// This class extends from Object.
// And implements CanMove interface.
// CanMove has 3 abstract methods.
// This class implements only one abstract method of CanMove.
// Therefore it must be declared as abstract.
// The remaining abstract methods to be implemented in the subclasses.
public abstract class Animal implements CanMove {

	// Implements run() method of CanMove.
	@Override
	public void run() {
		System.out.println("Animal run...");
	}

}

package org.o7planning.tutorial.cls;

import org.o7planning.tutorial.itf.CanDrink;
import org.o7planning.tutorial.itf.CanEat;

// This class extends Animal and implements CanEat, CanDrink interfaces.
// This class is not declared as abstract.
// So it must implements all abstract methods of the interfaces.
public class Cat extends Animal implements CanEat, CanDrink {

	private String name;

	public Cat(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}

	public String getName() {
		return this.name;
	}

	// Implements method of CanMove
	@Override
	public void back() {
		System.out.println(name + " cat back ...");
	}

	// Implements method of CanMove.
	@Override
	public int getVelocity() {
		return 110;
	}

	// Implements method of CanEat.
	@Override
	public void eat() {
		System.out.println(name + " cat eat ...");
	}

	// Implements method of CanDrink.
	@Override
	public void drink() {
		System.out.println(name + " cat drink ...");
	}

}

package org.o7planning.tutorial.cls;

import org.o7planning.tutorial.itf.CanDrink;
import org.o7planning.tutorial.itf.CanEat;

public class Mouse extends Animal  implements CanEat, CanDrink {

  @Override
  public void back() {
      System.out.println("Mouse back ...");
  }

  @Override
  public int getVelocity() {
      return 85;
  }

  @Override
  public void drink() {
      System.out.println("Mouse drink ...");
  }

  @Override
  public void eat() {
      System.out.println("Mouse eat ...");
  }

}

package org.o7planning.tutorial.cls;

import org.o7planning.tutorial.itf.CanEat;

public class AnimalDemo {

	public static void main(String[] args) {

		// Inherit static field from CanDrink interface.
		System.out.println("Drink " + Cat.SEVENUP);

		// Create CanEat object
		// via constructor of Cat.
		CanEat canEat1 = new Cat("Tom");

		// An object declared as CanEat.
		// But in fact is Mouse.
		CanEat canEat2 = new Mouse();

		// Polymorphism shown here.
		// Java know the actual types of objects.
		// ==> Tom cat eat ...
		canEat1.eat();
		// ==> Mouse eat ...
		canEat2.eat();

		boolean isCat = canEat1 instanceof Cat;

		System.out.println("catEat1 is Cat? " + isCat);

		// Cast
		if (canEat2 instanceof Mouse) {
			Mouse mouse = (Mouse) canEat2;

			// Call drink method (Inherited from CanDrink).
			mouse.drink();
		}

	}
}