CSS text-align Tutorial

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CSS text-align

1- CSS text-align

The CSS text-align property is used for a block element or a table cell to align its contents horizontally.

/* Keyword values */
text-align: left;
text-align: right;
text-align: center;
text-align: justify;

/* Character-based alignment in a table column */
text-align: ".";
text-align: "." center;

/* Global values */
text-align: inherit;
text-align: initial;
text-align: unset;

Value	Description
left	Align the content of an element to the left.
right	Align the content of an element to the right
center	Align the content of an element to the center.
justify	Try to adjust spacing between words (or inline contents) so that each line has the length equal to the width of the current element, except for the last line.

The default value of CSS text-align depends on the direction of the element. If the element's direction is "Left-to-Right", the default value of CSS text-align is left, whereas if the direction of the element is "Right-to-Left", the default value of CSS text-align is right.

HTML Dir Attribute

text-align-example.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
   <head>
      <title>CSS text-align</title>
      <meta charset="UTF-8"/>
      <style>
          #my-div {
            background-color: #eee;
            min-height: 135px;
            padding: 5px;
            text-align: left;
          }
          #my-div span {
            background-color: yellow;
          }
      </style>
      <script>
          function changeTextAlign(event)  {
             var textAlign = event.target.value;

             var div = document.getElementById("my-div");
             div.style.textAlign = textAlign;
          }
      </script>
   </head>
   <body>
       <h1>CSS text-align</h1>

       <input type="radio" name="my-radio" value="left" onclick="changeTextAlign(event)" checked/> Left<br>
       <input type="radio" name="my-radio" value="right" onclick="changeTextAlign(event)"/> Right<br>
       <input type="radio" name="my-radio" value="center" onclick="changeTextAlign(event)"/> Center<br>
       <input type="radio" name="my-radio" value="justify" onclick="changeTextAlign(event)"/> Justify<br>

       <hr/>

       <div id = "my-div">
           Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first humans,
           Americans <span>Neil Armstrong</span> and <span>Buzz Aldrin</span>,
           on the Moon on July 20, 1969, at 20:18 UTC.
           <span>Armstrong</span> became the first to step onto the lunar
           surface 6 hours later on July 21 at 02:56 UTC.

           <span>Armstrong</span> spent about three and a half two
           and a half hours outside the spacecraft,
           <span>Aldrin</span> slightly less; and together they
           collected 47.5 pounds (21.5 kg) of lunar material
           for return to Earth. A third member of the mission,...
       </div>

   </body>
</html>

When CSS text-align applies to an element, it works with all the inline contents of this element, for example, text content, child elements such as <span>, etc. But it doesn't has an effect on the child block elements of the current element.

See the following example:

The DIV1 element is established CSS text-align:center.
The DIV2 element is the child of DIV1, but DIV2 is not affected by CSS text-align:center.

text-align-example2.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
   <head>
      <title>CSS text-align</title>
      <meta charset="UTF-8"/>
      <style>
          #div1 {
            background-color: #eee;
            min-height: 135px;
            padding: 5px;
            text-align: left;
          }
          #div1 span {
            background-color: yellow;
          }
          #div2 {
            background-color: yellow;
            width: 180px;
            height: 50px;
            padding: 5px;
            margin-top: 10px;
          }
      </style>

      <script>
          function changeTextAlign(event)  {
             var textAlign = event.target.value;

             var div1 = document.getElementById("div1");
             div1.style.textAlign = textAlign;
          }
      </script>
   </head>
   <body>
       <h1>CSS text-align</h1>

       <input type="radio" name="my-radio" value="left" onclick="changeTextAlign(event)" checked/> Left<br>
       <input type="radio" name="my-radio" value="right" onclick="changeTextAlign(event)"/> Right<br>
       <input type="radio" name="my-radio" value="center" onclick="changeTextAlign(event)"/> Center<br>
       <input type="radio" name="my-radio" value="justify" onclick="changeTextAlign(event)"/> Justify<br>
       <hr/>


       <p style="font-style:italic;color:red;">
         CSS text-align cannot align child block elements.
       </p>

       <div id = "div1">
             Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that landed the first humans,
             Americans <span>Neil Armstrong</span> and <span>Buzz Aldrin</span>,
             on the Moon on July 20, 1969, at 20:18 UTC.
             <span>Armstrong</span> became the first to step onto the lunar
             surface 6 hours later on July 21 at 02:56 UTC.

             <span>Armstrong</span> spent about three and a half two
             and a half hours outside the spacecraft,
             <span>Aldrin</span> slightly less; and together they
             collected 47.5 pounds (21.5 kg) of lunar material
             for return to Earth. A third member of the mission,...

            <div id = "div2">
                I am div2, A block element.
            </div>
       </div>

   </body>
</html>

Example: Use CSS margin:auto.

margin-auto-example.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
   <head>
      <title>CSS margin:auto</title>
      <meta charset="UTF-8"/>
      <style>
          .div1 {
            background-color: #eee;
            min-height: 135px;
            padding: 5px;
            text-align: center;
          }
          .div2 {
            background-color: yellow;
            width: 180px;
            height: 50px;
            padding: 5px;
            margin-top: 10px;
          }
      </style>
   </head>
   <body>
       <h1>CSS margin:auto</h1>
       <hr/>

       <div class = "div1">
            I am div1 {text-align: center;}

            <div class="div2" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;">
                margin-left:auto;<br/>
                margin-right:auto;
            </div>

            <div class="div2" style="margin-right:auto;">
                margin-right:auto;
            </div>

            <div class="div2" style="margin-left:auto;">
                margin-left:auto;
            </div>
       </div>

   </body>
</html>

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