Work with MySQL database in C#
View more Tutorials:
Trong tài liệu này tôi sẽ hướng dẫn bạn thao tác với MySQL database từ C#, mục tiêu bao gồm:
- Query
- Insert
- Update
- Delete
- Gọi hàm, thủ tục từ C#,...
Tài liệu sử dụng SIMPLEHR, một Database Schema ví dụ được sử dụng trong nhiều hướng dẫn trên o7planning.org, bạn có thể tạo Schema này trên Oracle, MySQL hoặc SQL Server. Bạn có thể xem hướng dẫn tại:
Create project CsMySQLTutorial:
Project is created.
You need to declare the libraries, and need a utility class (DBUtils.cs) which help to connect to the database. With SQL Server database, you can see the instructions at:
DBMySQLUtils.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
namespace Tutorial.SqlConn
{
class DBMySQLUtils
{
public static MySqlConnection
GetDBConnection(string host, int port, string database, string username, string password)
{
// Connection String.
String connString = "Server=" + host + ";Database=" + database
+ ";port=" + port + ";User Id=" + username + ";password=" + password;
MySqlConnection conn = new MySqlConnection(connString);
return conn;
}
}
}
DBUtils.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
namespace Tutorial.SqlConn
{
class DBUtils
{
public static MySqlConnection GetDBConnection()
{
string host = "192.168.205.130";
int port = 3306;
string database = "simplehr";
string username = "root";
string password = "1234";
return DBMySQLUtils.GetDBConnection(host, port, database, username, password);
}
}
}
Trong C# để thao tác với MySQL Database, chẳng hạn query, insert, update, delete bạn sử dụng một đối tượng MySqlCommand, MySqlCommand là một class mở rộng từ DbCommand. Trong trường hợp bạn cần query, insert,update hoặc delete trong Oracle Database bạn cần sử dụng OracleCommand, hoặc với SQL Server là SqlCommand. Thật đáng tiếc là bạn sẽ rất khó khăn nếu muốn sử dụng một mã nguồn cho các Database khác nhau.
Bạn có thể tạo đối tượng MySqlCommand để thao tác với MySQL Database:
MySqlConnection conn = DBUtils.GetDBConnection(); // Way 1: // Create a command associated with the Connection. MySqlCommand cmd = conn.CreateCommand(); // Set Command Text cmd.CommandText = sql; // Way 2 : // Create a Command MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand(sql); // Set connection for command. cmd.Connection = conn; // Way 3: // Create a command associated with the Connection. MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand(sql, conn);
Ví dụ truy vấn dữ liệu sử dụng C#.
QueryDataExample.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Tutorial.SqlConn;
using System.Data.Common;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
namespace CsMySQLTutorial
{
class QueryDataExample
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Get connection.
MySqlConnection conn = DBUtils.GetDBConnection();
conn.Open();
try
{
QueryEmployee(conn);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Error: " + e);
Console.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);
}
finally
{
// Close connection.
conn.Close();
// Dispose object, Freeing Resources.
conn.Dispose();
}
Console.Read();
}
private static void QueryEmployee(MySqlConnection conn)
{
string sql = "Select Emp_Id, Emp_No, Emp_Name, Mng_Id from Employee";
// Create command.
MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand();
// Set connection for command.
cmd.Connection = conn;
cmd.CommandText = sql;
using (DbDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader())
{
if (reader.HasRows)
{
while (reader.Read())
{
// Get index of Column Emp_ID in query statement.
int empIdIndex = reader.GetOrdinal("Emp_Id"); // 0
long empId = Convert.ToInt64(reader.GetValue(0));
// Index of Emp_ID = 1
string empNo = reader.GetString(1);
int empNameIndex = reader.GetOrdinal("Emp_Name");// 2
string empName = reader.GetString(empNameIndex);
// Index of column Mng_Id.
int mngIdIndex = reader.GetOrdinal("Mng_Id");
long? mngId = null;
// If a column is nullable always check for DBNull...
if (!reader.IsDBNull(mngIdIndex))
{
mngId = Convert.ToInt64(reader.GetValue(mngIdIndex));
}
Console.WriteLine("--------------------");
Console.WriteLine("empIdIndex:" + empIdIndex);
Console.WriteLine("EmpId:" + empId);
Console.WriteLine("EmpNo:" + empNo);
Console.WriteLine("EmpName:" + empName);
Console.WriteLine("MngId:" + mngId);
}
}
}
}
}
}
Running the example:
Node: The reason for the "using" statement is to ensure that the object is disposed as soon as it goes out of scope, and it doesn't require explicit code to ensure that this happens.// Use the keyword 'using' for IDispose objects. using (DbDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader()) { // The code uses a reader } // Equivalent to traditional writing: DbDataReader reader = cmd.ExecuteReader(); try { // The code uses a reader } finally { // Call method to dispose object // Freeing resources. reader.Dispose(); }
Ví dụ sau insert thêm một bản ghi vào bảng Salary_Grade.
InsertDataExample.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Tutorial.SqlConn;
using System.Data.Common;
using System.Data;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
namespace CsMySQLTutorial
{
class InsertDataExample
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Get Connection
MySqlConnection connection = DBUtils.GetDBConnection();
connection.Open();
try
{
// Insert statement.
string sql = "Insert into Salary_Grade (Grade, High_Salary, Low_Salary) "
+ " values (@grade, @highSalary, @lowSalary) ";
MySqlCommand cmd = connection.CreateCommand();
cmd.CommandText = sql;
// Create Parameter.
MySqlParameter gradeParam = new MySqlParameter("@grade",SqlDbType.Int);
gradeParam.Value = 3;
cmd.Parameters.Add(gradeParam);
// Add parameter @highSalary (Write shorter)
MySqlParameter highSalaryParam = cmd.Parameters.Add("@highSalary", SqlDbType.Float);
highSalaryParam.Value = 20000;
// Add parameter @lowSalary (more shorter).
cmd.Parameters.Add("@lowSalary", SqlDbType.Float ).Value = 10000;
// Execute Command (for Delete, Insert or Update).
int rowCount = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
Console.WriteLine("Row Count affected = " + rowCount);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Error: " + e);
Console.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);
}
finally
{
connection.Close();
connection.Dispose();
connection = null;
}
Console.Read();
}
}
}
Running the example:
Ví dụ update trong C#.
UpdateExample.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
using Tutorial.SqlConn;
using System.Data;
namespace CsMySQLTutorial
{
class UpdateExample
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
MySqlConnection conn = DBUtils.GetDBConnection();
conn.Open();
try
{
string sql = "Update Employee set Salary = @salary where Emp_Id = @empId";
MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand();
cmd.Connection = conn;
cmd.CommandText = sql;
// Add and set value for parameter.
cmd.Parameters.Add("@salary", SqlDbType.Float).Value = 850;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@empId", SqlDbType.Decimal).Value = 7369;
// Execute Command (for Delete, Insert,Update).
int rowCount = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
Console.WriteLine("Row Count affected = " + rowCount);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Error: " + e);
Console.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);
}
finally
{
conn.Close();
conn.Dispose();
conn = null;
}
Console.Read();
}
}
}
Running the example:
Ví dụ sử dụng C# xóa dữ liệu trong SQL.
DeleteExample.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
using Tutorial.SqlConn;
using System.Data;
namespace CsMySQLTutorial
{
class DeleteExample
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Get connection to database.
MySqlConnection conn = DBUtils.GetDBConnection();
conn.Open();
try
{
string sql = "Delete from Salary_Grade where Grade = @grade ";
// Create Command object.
MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand();
cmd.Connection = conn;
cmd.CommandText = sql;
cmd.Parameters.Add("@grade", SqlDbType.Int).Value = 3;
// Execute Command (for Delete, insert, update).
int rowCount = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
Console.WriteLine("Row Count affected = " + rowCount);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Error: " + e);
Console.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);
}
finally
{
conn.Close();
conn.Dispose();
conn = null;
}
Console.Read();
}
}
}
Bạn cần tạo ra một thủ tục đơn giản trong MySQL và gọi nó trong C#:
Get_Employee_Info
DELIMITER $$
-- This procedure retrieves information of an employee,
-- Input parameter: p_Emp_ID (Integer)
-- There are four output parameters v_Emp_No, v_First_Name, v_Last_Name, v_Hire_Date
CREATE PROCEDURE get_Employee_Info(p_Emp_ID Integer,
out v_Emp_No Varchar(50) ,
out v_First_Name Varchar(50) ,
Out v_Last_name Varchar(50) ,
Out v_Hire_date Date)
BEGIN
set v_Emp_No = concat( 'E' , Cast(p_Emp_Id as char(15)) );
--
set v_First_Name = 'Michael';
set v_Last_Name = 'Smith';
set v_Hire_date = curdate();
END
CallProcedureExample.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Tutorial.SqlConn;
using System.Data;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
namespace CsMySQLTutorial
{
class CallProcedureExample
{
// Get_Employee_Info
// @p_Emp_Id Integer ,
// @v_Emp_No Varchar(50) OUTPUT
// @v_First_Name Varchar(50) OUTPUT
// @v_Last_Name Varchar(50) OUTPUT
// @v_Hire_Date Date OUTPUT
static void Main(string[] args)
{
MySqlConnection conn = DBUtils.GetDBConnection();
conn.Open();
try
{
// Create a Command object to call procedure Get_Employee_Info.
MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand("Get_Employee_Info", conn);
// Set Command Type to StoredProcedure.
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
// Add parameter @p_Emp_Id and set value = 100
cmd.Parameters.Add("@p_Emp_Id", SqlDbType.Int).Value =100;
// Add parameter @v_Emp_No type of Varchar(20).
cmd.Parameters.Add(new MySqlParameter("@v_Emp_No", MySqlDbType.VarChar, 20));
cmd.Parameters.Add(new MySqlParameter("@v_First_Name", MySqlDbType.VarChar, 50));
cmd.Parameters.Add(new MySqlParameter("@v_Last_Name", MySqlDbType.VarChar, 50));
cmd.Parameters.Add(new MySqlParameter("@v_Hire_Date", MySqlDbType.Date));
// Register parameter @v_Emp_No is OUTPUT.
cmd.Parameters["@v_Emp_No"].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
cmd.Parameters["@v_First_Name"].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
cmd.Parameters["@v_Last_Name"].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
cmd.Parameters["@v_Hire_Date"].Direction = ParameterDirection.Output;
// Execute procedure.
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
// Get output values.
string empNo = cmd.Parameters["@v_Emp_No"].Value.ToString();
string firstName = cmd.Parameters["@v_First_Name"].Value.ToString();
string lastName = cmd.Parameters["@v_Last_Name"].Value.ToString();
DateTime hireDate = (DateTime)cmd.Parameters["@v_Hire_Date"].Value;
Console.WriteLine("Emp No: " + empNo);
Console.WriteLine("First Name: " + firstName);
Console.WriteLine("Last Name: " + lastName);
Console.WriteLine("Hire Date: " + hireDate);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Error: " + e);
Console.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);
}
finally
{
conn.Close();
conn.Dispose();
}
Console.Read();
}
}
}
Running the example:
Bạn cần một hàm đơn giản và gọi nó trong C#.
Get_Emp_No
DROP function if Exists `Get_Emp_No`;
-- When programming the function / procedure you need to use semicolon
-- to separate the different commands.
-- Use DELIMITER $$ to allow use of semicolons.
DELIMITER $$
CREATE Function Get_Emp_No (p_Emp_Id Integer) Returns Varchar(50)
Begin
return concat('E', CAST(p_Emp_Id as char)) ;
END;
CallFunctionExample.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using Tutorial.SqlConn;
using System.Data;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
namespace CsMySQLTutorial
{
class CallFunctionExample
{
// Function: Get_Emp_No
// Parameter: @p_Emp_Id Integer
static void Main(string[] args)
{
MySqlConnection conn = DBUtils.GetDBConnection();
conn.Open();
try
{
// Create a Command object to call Get_Emp_No function.
MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand("Get_Emp_No", conn);
// CommandType is StoredProcedure
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.StoredProcedure;
// Add parameter @p_Emp_Id and set Value = 100.
cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("@p_Emp_Id", MySqlDbType.Int32).Value = 100;
// Create the MySqlParameter object,
// to store the return value when calling the function.
MySqlParameter resultParam = new MySqlParameter("@Result", MySqlDbType.VarChar);
resultParam.Direction = ParameterDirection.ReturnValue;
cmd.Parameters.Add(resultParam);
// Call function.
cmd.ExecuteNonQuery();
string empNo = null;
if (resultParam.Value != DBNull.Value)
{
empNo = (string)resultParam.Value;
}
Console.WriteLine("Emp No: " + empNo);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Error: " + e);
Console.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);
}
finally
{
conn.Close();
conn.Dispose();
}
Console.Read();
}
}
}
Running the example:
MySqlCommand.ExecuteScalar() is a method used to execute SQL statements, it returns the value of the first column of the first row in results of SQL statements.
-- The following statement returns only one value. Select count(*) from Employee; -- Or Select Max(e.Salary) From Employee e;
Example:
ExecuteScalarExample.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using MySql.Data.MySqlClient;
using System.Data;
using Tutorial.SqlConn;
namespace CsMySQLTutorial
{
class ExecuteScalarExample
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
MySqlConnection conn = DBUtils.GetDBConnection();
conn.Open();
try
{
MySqlCommand cmd = new MySqlCommand("Select count(*) From Employee", conn);
cmd.CommandType = CommandType.Text;
// The ExecuteScalar method returns the value of the first column on the first row.
object countObj = cmd.ExecuteScalar();
int count = 0;
if (countObj != null)
{
count = Convert.ToInt32(countObj);
}
Console.WriteLine("Emp Count: " + count);
}
catch (Exception e)
{
Console.WriteLine("Error: " + e);
Console.WriteLine(e.StackTrace);
}
finally
{
conn.Close();
conn.Dispose();
}
Console.Read();
}
}
}
Running the example:
You can also call a MySQL function using the ExecuteScalar method, see the following example:
- TODO
