Java TemporalQueries Tutorial with Examples

TemporalQueries
TemporalQueries methods
precision()
chronology()
localDate()
localTime()
zoneId()
offset()
zone()

1. TemporalQueries

The TemporalQueries class provides static methods to obtain common and useful TemporalQuery objects. The information received from these TemporalQuery can be:

Chronology
LocalDate
LocalTime
ZoneOffset
Precision
Zone
ZoneId

See also article about TemporalQuery interface with basic and custom TemporalQuery.

Java TemporalQuery

There are two ways to query a TemporalAccessor object, in which the second approach is recommended.

// These two lines are equivalent, but the second approach is recommended

information = temporalQuery.queryFrom(temporalAccessor);  // (1)

information = temporalAccessor.query(temporalQuery);          // (2)

2. TemporalQueries methods

All methods provided by TemporalQueries are static and return a TemporalQuery object.

public static TemporalQuery<ZoneId> zoneId()  

public static TemporalQuery<Chronology> chronology()  

public static TemporalQuery<TemporalUnit> precision()  

public static TemporalQuery<ZoneId> zone()

public static TemporalQuery<ZoneOffset> offset()  

public static TemporalQuery<LocalDate> localDate()

public static TemporalQuery<LocalTime> localTime()

3. precision()

Return TemporalQuery<TemporalUnit> to query the smallest unit supported by a TemporalAcccessor.

public static TemporalQuery<TemporalUnit> precision()

Table of classes that implement the TemporalAccessor interface available in the JDK and the smallest supported unit.

TemporalAccessor	Precision	isTimeBased()	isDateBased()
Instant	NANOS	true	false
LocalDate	DAYS	false	true
LocalTime	NANOS	true	false
LocalDateTime	NANOS	true	false
ZonedDateTime	NANOS	true	false
OffsetTime	NANOS	true	false
OffsetDateTime	NANOS	true	false
ChronoLocalDate	DAYS	false	true
ChronoLocalDateTime	NANOS	true	false
ChronoZonedDateTime	NANOS	true	false
Era	ERAS	false	true
DayOfWeek	DAYS	false	true
Month	MONTHS	false	true
Year	YEARS	false	true
YearMonth	MONTHS	false	true
MonthDay	null
ZoneOffset	null

Example:

TemporalQueries_precision_ex1.java

LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();

TemporalQuery<TemporalUnit> query = TemporalQueries.precision();

TemporalUnit smallestUnit = localDate.query(query); // Can cast to ChronoUnit
ChronoUnit smallestChronoUnit = (ChronoUnit) smallestUnit; // ChronoUnit.DAYS

System.out.println("localDate support smallest unit: " + smallestChronoUnit); // Days
System.out.println(" >> Name: " + smallestChronoUnit.name()); // DAYS
System.out.println(" >> isTimeBased()?: " + smallestChronoUnit.isTimeBased()); // false
System.out.println(" >> isDateBased()?: " + smallestChronoUnit.isDateBased()); // true

Output:

localDate support smallest unit: Days
 >> Name: DAYS
 >> isTimeBased()?: false
 >> isDateBased()?: true

4. chronology()

Return TemporalQuery<Chronology> to obtain information about the Chronology associated with a TemporalAccessor.

public static TemporalQuery<Chronology> chronology()

TemporalAccessor	Return	Note
ChronoLocalDate	Returns the associated chronology
ChronoLocalDateTime	Returns the associated chronology
ChronoZonedDateTime	Returns the associated chronology
Era	Returns the associated chronology
LocalDate	Return IsoChronology.INSTANCE
LocalDateTime	Return IsoChronology.INSTANCE
ZonedDateTime	Return IsoChronology.INSTANCE
OffsetDateTime	Return IsoChronology.INSTANCE
Month	Return IsoChronology.INSTANCE
Year	Return IsoChronology.INSTANCE
YearMonth	Return IsoChronology.INSTANCE
MonthDay	Return IsoChronology.INSTANCE
LocalTime	null	Does not represent a date
OffsetTime	null	Does not represent a date
ZoneOffset	null	Does not represent a date
Instant	null	Does not represent a date
DayOfWeek	null	Shared across chronologies

TemporalQueries_chronology_ex1.java

TemporalAccessor localDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();  
Chronology chronology = localDateTime.query(TemporalQueries.chronology());

System.out.println(chronology.getClass().getName()); // java.time.chrono.IsoChronology
System.out.println(chronology.getId()); // ISO

The reference of the static method Chronology.from(TemporalAccessor) can be used as a TemporalQuery, which corresponds to this method, except it can throw an exception if the result cannot be obtained.

TemporalQueries_chronology_ex2.java

TemporalQuery<Chronology> query = Chronology::from; // Method reference

// TemporalAccessor object:
TemporalAccessor temporalAccessor = MonthDay.now();
// Throw exception if Chronology cannot be obtained.
Chronology chronology = temporalAccessor.query(query);

System.out.println(chronology.getClass().getName()); // java.time.chrono.IsoChronology
System.out.println(chronology.getId()); // ISO

Output:

java.time.chrono.IsoChronology
ISO

Chronology
IsoChronology
TemporalAccessor

5. localDate()

Return a TemporalQuery<LocalDate> to retrieve the LocalDate component from a TemporalAccessor object. The query result is null if this component does not exist.

public static TemporalQuery<LocalDate> localDate()

Example:

TemporalQueries_localDate_ex1.java

TemporalQuery<LocalDate> query = TemporalQueries.localDate();

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);

LocalDate localDate = zonedDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("localDate: " + localDate);
System.out.println();
//
LocalTime localTime  = LocalTime.now();
System.out.println("localTime: " + localTime);

localDate = localTime.query(query);
System.out.println("localDate: " + localDate);

Output:

zonedDateTime: 2021-07-10T01:26:20.194520+06:00[Asia/Bishkek]
localDate: 2021-07-10

localTime: 01:26:20.195471
localDate: null

The reference of the static method LocalDate.from(TemporalAccessor) can be used as a TemporalQuery, which corresponds to this method, except it may throw an exception if the result cannot be obtained.

TemporalQueries_localDate_ex2.java

// Method reference
TemporalQuery<LocalDate> query = LocalDate::from; // Same as: TemporalQueries.localDate();

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);

LocalDate localDate = zonedDateTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("localDate: " + localDate);
System.out.println();
//
LocalTime localTime  = LocalTime.now();
System.out.println("localTime: " + localTime);

localDate = localTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("localDate: " + localDate);

6. localTime()

Return a TemporalQuery<LocalTime> to retrieve the LocalTime component from a TemporalAccessor object. The query result is null if this component does not exist.

public static TemporalQuery<LocalTime> localTime()

Example:

TemporalQueries_localTime_ex1.java

TemporalQuery<LocalTime> query = TemporalQueries.localTime();

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);

LocalTime localTime = zonedDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("localTime: " + localTime);
System.out.println();
//
LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();
System.out.println("localDate: " + localDate);

localTime = localDate.query(query);
System.out.println("localTime: " + localTime);

Output:

zonedDateTime: 2021-07-10T01:45:18.694232+06:00[Asia/Bishkek]
localTime: 01:45:18.694232

localDate: 2021-07-10
localTime: null

The reference of the static method LocalTime.from(TemporalAccessor) can be used as a TemporalQuery, which corresponds to this method, except it can throw an exception if the result cannot be obtained.

TemporalQueries_localTime_ex2.java

// Method reference
TemporalQuery<LocalTime> query = LocalTime::from; // Same as: TemporalQueries.localTime();

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);

LocalTime localTime = zonedDateTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("localTime: " + localTime);
System.out.println();
//
LocalDate localDate = LocalDate.now();
System.out.println("localDate: " + localDate);

localTime = localDate.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("localTime: " + localTime);

7. zoneId()

Return a TemporalQuery<ZoneId> that retrieves time zone ID information from a TemporalAccessor object. The result of this query is strict, meaning it returns a time zone ID for a region, such as "Europe/Paris", "GMT-10", "UTC+7", "UT+05:30". Time zone ID(s) based on offsets are not considered strict, such as "+08:30", "-07".

public static TemporalQuery<ZoneId> zoneId()

The TemporalQuery<ZoneId> object returned from this method is only used to query the ZonedDateTime or ChroneZonedDateTime object and obtain the ZoneId associated with it. Queries with other TemporalAccessor(s) like OffsetDateTime, LocalDateTime, .. will return null.

If you need a less strict time zone query that accepts all types of time zone ID(s) including offset based time zone ID(s), use the TemporalQueries.zone() method.

TemporalQueries_zoneId_ex1.java

TemporalQuery<ZoneId> query = TemporalQueries.zoneId();

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);

ZoneId zoneId = zonedDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("zoneId: " + zoneId);
System.out.println();
//
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime = OffsetDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
System.out.println("offsetDateTime: " + offsetDateTime);

zoneId = offsetDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("zoneId: " + zoneId);

Output:

zonedDateTime: 2021-07-09T23:10:49.446493+06:00[Asia/Bishkek]
zoneId: Asia/Bishkek

offsetDateTime: 2021-07-09T19:10:49.448945+02:00
zoneId: null

ZoneId
ZoneOffset
ChronoZonedDateTime
ZonedDateTime
OffsetDateTime

8. offset()

Return a TemporalQuery<ZoneOffset> to retrieve time zone offset information from a TemporalAccessor object.

public static TemporalQuery<ZoneOffset> offset()

Example:

TemporalQueries_offset_ex1.java

TemporalQuery<ZoneOffset> query = TemporalQueries.offset();

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);

ZoneOffset zoneOffset = zonedDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("zoneOffset: " + zoneOffset);
System.out.println();
//
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime = OffsetDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
System.out.println("offsetDateTime: " + offsetDateTime);

zoneOffset = offsetDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("zoneOffset: " + zoneOffset);

Output:

zonedDateTime: 2021-07-10T00:52:36.066446+06:00[Asia/Bishkek]
zoneOffset: +06:00

offsetDateTime: 2021-07-09T20:52:36.068898+02:00
zoneOffset: +02:00

The reference of the static method ZoneOffset.from(TemporalAccessor) can be used as a TemporalQuery, which corresponds to this method, except it can throw an exception if the result cannot be obtained.

TemporalQueries_offset_ex2.java

// Method reference
TemporalQuery<ZoneOffset> query = ZoneOffset::from; // Same as: TemporalQueries.offset()

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);

ZoneOffset zoneOffset = zonedDateTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("zoneOffset: " + zoneOffset);
System.out.println();
//
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime = OffsetDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
System.out.println("offsetDateTime: " + offsetDateTime);

zoneOffset = offsetDateTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("zoneOffset: " + zoneOffset);

ZoneId
ZoneOffset
ChronoZonedDateTime
ZonedDateTime
OffsetDateTime

9. zone()

Return a TemporalQuery<ZoneId> that retrieves time zone ID information from a TemporalAccessor object. The result of this query is lenient, meaning it accepts all ZoneId types. For example: "Europe/Paris", "GMT-10", "UTC+7", "UT+05:30", "+9:30", "-08".

public static TemporalQuery<ZoneId> zone()

This TemporalQuery queries a temporalAccessor object according to the following rule:

Return TemporalQueries.zoneId().queryFrom(temporalAccessor) if it is not null.
Otherwise, return TemporalQueries.offset().queryFrom(temporalAccessor).

Thus, querying a ZonedDateTime object will return zonedDateTime.getZone(), while querying an OffsetDateTime object will return offsetDateTime.getOffset().

TemporalQueries_zone_ex1.java

TemporalQuery<ZoneId> query = TemporalQueries.zone();

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);

ZoneId zoneId = zonedDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("zoneId: " + zoneId);
System.out.println();
//
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime = OffsetDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
System.out.println("offsetDateTime: " + offsetDateTime);

zoneId = offsetDateTime.query(query);
System.out.println("zoneId: " + zoneId);

Output:

zonedDateTime: 2021-07-10T00:45:45.503914+06:00[Asia/Bishkek]
zoneId: Asia/Bishkek

offsetDateTime: 2021-07-09T20:45:45.506205+02:00
zoneId: +02:00

The reference of the static method ZoneId.from(TemporalAccessor) can be used as a TemporalQuery, which corresponds to this method, except it throws an exception if the result cannot be obtained.

TemporalQueries_zone_ex2.java

// Method referene
TemporalQuery<ZoneId> query = ZoneId::from; // Same as: TemporalQueries.zone()

ZonedDateTime zonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now();
System.out.println("zonedDateTime: " + zonedDateTime);

ZoneId zoneId = zonedDateTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("zoneId: " + zoneId);
System.out.println();
//
OffsetDateTime offsetDateTime = OffsetDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));
System.out.println("offsetDateTime: " + offsetDateTime);

zoneId = offsetDateTime.query(query); // Throw exception if the result cannot be obtained.
System.out.println("zoneId: " + zoneId);

Output:

zonedDateTime: 2021-07-10T00:45:45.503914+06:00[Asia/Bishkek]
zoneId: Asia/Bishkek

offsetDateTime: 2021-07-09T20:45:45.506205+02:00
zoneId: +02:00

ZoneId
ZoneOffset
ChronoZonedDateTime
ZonedDateTime
OffsetDateTime

Java TemporalQueries Tutorial with Examples

1. TemporalQueries

2. TemporalQueries methods

3. precision()

4. chronology()

5. localDate()

6. localTime()

7. zoneId()

8. offset()

9. zone()

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Java Date Time Tutorials

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