ECMAScript setTimeout and setInterval Function

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setTimeout() function
setInterval() function

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In the ECMAScript, setTimeout(func, time) and setInterval(func,time) are two quite similar functions. They are timed to perform a duty. In this lesson, I am going to discuss each of these functions in turn.

1- setTimeout() function

The setTimeout(func, delay) function establishes a millisecond 'delay' time period, when this time period passes the func function will be called only one time.

Note: 1 second = 1000 miliseconds

The Syntax:


setTimeout(func, delay)

func: This function will be called after 'delay' milliseconds.
delay: delay time period (in milisecond)

Below is the simple example with the setTimeout() function. 3 seconds after the use clicks "Show greeting", a greeting will display.

setTimeout-example.html


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
   <head>
      <title>setTimeout function</title>
      <script type="text/javascript">
         function greeting()  {
              alert("Hello Everyone!");
         }
         function startAction()  {
            setTimeout(greeting, 3000); // 3 seconds.
         }
      </script>
   </head>
   <body>
      <h2>setTimeout Function</h2>
      <button onclick="startAction()">Show greeting</button>
   </body>
</html>

Another example with the setTimeout() function, you can run this example on the NodeJS environment:

setTimeout-example.js


console.log("3");
console.log("2");
console.log("1");
console.log("Call setTimeout!");

setTimeout( function() {
  console.log("Hello Everyone!");
}, 3000); // 3 seconds

console.log("End!");

clearTimeout()

Suppose you call the setTimeout() function to schedule to perform a task, while the task is not started performing, you can cancel that task by calling the clearTimeout() function.

clearTimeout-example.html


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
   <head>
      <title>clearTimeout function</title>
      <script type="text/javascript">
         var myTask = null;
         function greeting()  {
              alert("Hello Everyone!");
              myTask = null;
         }
         function startAction()  {
            if(!myTask) {
               myTask = setTimeout(greeting, 3000); // 3 seconds.
            }
         }
         function cancelAction()  {
            if(myTask)  {
               clearTimeout(myTask);
               myTask = null;
            }
         }
      </script>
   </head>
   <body>
      <h2>setTimeout() &amp; clearTimeout() Function</h2> 
      <button onclick="startAction()">Show greeting</button>
      <button onclick="cancelAction()">Cancel</button>
   </body>
</html>

2- setInterval() function

The setInterval(func, delay) function establishes a milisecond 'delay' time period. After each milisecond 'delay', the func function is called.

Syntax:


setInterval(func, delay)

func: This function will be called after each millisecond 'delay' time period.
delay: Delay time period (in milisecond)

Below is a simple example with the setInterval() function.3 seconds after the user clicks the "Show greeting" button, a greeting will display, and it will display again after 3 seconds, ..

setInterval-example.html


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
   <head>
      <title>setInterval function</title>
      <script type="text/javascript">
         function greeting()  {
              alert("Hello Everyone!");
         }
         function startAction()  {
              setInterval(greeting, 3000); // 3 seconds.
         }
      </script>
   </head>
   <body>
      <h2>setInterval Function</h2> 
      <button onclick="startAction()">Show greeting</button>
   </body>
</html>

Another example with the setInterval() function, you can run this example on the NodeJS environment:

setInterval-example.js


console.log("3");
console.log("2");
console.log("1");
console.log("Call setInterval!");

setInterval( function() {
   console.log("Hello Everyone!");
}, 3000); // 3 seconds

console.log("End!");

clearInterval()

Suppose you call the setInterval() function to schedule to perform a task, you can cancel that task by calling the clearInterval() function.

clearInterval-example.html


<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
   <head>
      <title>clearInterval function</title>
      <script type="text/javascript">
         var myTask = null;
         function greeting()  {
              alert("Hello Everyone!");
         }
         function startAction()  {
              if(!myTask)  {
                  myTask = setInterval(greeting, 3000); // 3 seconds.
              }
         }
         function cancelAction()  {
              if(myTask) {
                 clearInterval(myTask);
                 myTask = null;
              }
         }
      </script>
   </head>
   <body>
      <h2>setInterval() &amp; clearInterval() Function</h2>

      <button onclick="startAction()">Show greeting</button>
      <button onclick="cancelAction()">Cancel</button>
   </body>
</html>

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